One thing that irks me as a researcher in the entrepreneurship arena is the confusion that people have about successful start-ups and what they mean. Most often, observers seem to want to conclude that entrepreneurs are successful because they are “a breed apart” or because they are brilliant. If the revolution has taught us anything, it demonstrates the fallacy of that kind of thinking. A lot of people who weren’t very capable were highly successful, at least in terms of enriching themselves, because the market was wacky. We used the Amazon case in class a lot of times, and always ended up pushing my students to identify what factors would make Amazon a success. With all the hype surrounding the revolution, you couldn’t tell the evangelists from people with a truly viable idea. The point to make here is the fact that a person has made a lot of money in a start-up business doesn’t tell us much about that person, and entrepreneurs shouldn’t be put on a pedestal any more than lottery winners without a lot of careful study into what they did and how their firms became successful.
Successful business start-ups tend to need a lot of different kinds of expertise. One of the important content areas is finance. This is a matter of understanding what independent elements cost, and how one gets the money to cover those costs in order to create a product or service. One of the big challenges that we face with start-ups is, of course, cash flow. An ongoing business normally has a steady cash flow, so there is cash coming in and cash going out. People are paying bills, but they’re selling products. In a start-up technology commercialization, normally that is not the case. Cash goes out but doesn’t come in, at least until the new product or service is up and established in the marketplace. So you have to work out the sequence of how that’s going to happen, and what kind of money needs to be spent at what stage. A big part of this – and I think a much overlooked part – is the management, which is deciding what tasks have to be done and in what sequence in order to reach the marketplace. Then, the process needs to be optimized, so that you’re minimizing the number of dollars you have to spend before dollars start coming in the door. Matching up those cash flows is, of course, important in any kind of start-up – reaching that break-even point where the dollars going out start matching up to those coming in. You are by no means out of the woods when that happens, but you’re way down the road. (more…)
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